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詳解Nginx 虛擬主機配置的三種方式(基于IP)

Nginx配置虛擬主機支持3種方式：基于IP的虛擬主機配置，基于端口的虛擬主機配置，基于域名的虛擬主機配置。

詳解Nginx 虛擬主機配置的三種方式(基于端口) https://www.jb51.net/article/14977.htm

詳解Nginx 虛擬主機配置的三種方式(基于域名) https://www.jb51.net/article/14978.htm

1、基于IP的虛擬主機配置

如果同一臺服務器有多個IP，可以使用基于IP的虛機主機配置，將不同的服務綁定在不同的IP上。

1.1 假設服務器有個IP地址為192.168.2.150，首先使用ifconfig在同一個網絡接口上綁定其他3個IP。

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.2.151/24 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:2 192.168.2.152/24 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:3 192.168.2.153/24 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.2.106 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
 inet6 fe80::2a8d:be6:a4a8:ea0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
 RX packets 1220 bytes 87955 (85.8 KiB)
 RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
 TX packets 206 bytes 23755 (23.1 KiB)
 TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.2.151 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

ens33:2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.2.152 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

ens33:3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.2.153 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
 ether 00:0c:29:16:90:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
 loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
 RX packets 72 bytes 6252 (6.1 KiB)
 RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
 TX packets 72 bytes 6252 (6.1 KiB)
 TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

1.2 3個IP對應的域名如下，配置主機的host文件便于測試

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.2.151 www.test151.com
192.168.2.152 www.test152.com
192.168.2.153 www.test153.com

可以模擬實現DNS輪詢的情況。

附：設置完hosts文件后一定要記得執行以下命令使其生效

1、windows下cmd進入命令行

C:\Users\1234>ipconfig /flushdns

Windows IP 配置

已成功刷新 DNS 解析緩存。

1.3 建立虛擬主機存放網頁的根目錄，并創建首頁文件index.html

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/www
[root@localhost /]# cd /data/www
[root@localhost www]# mkdir 151
[root@localhost www]# mkdir 152
[root@localhost www]# mkdir 153
[root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.151" > 151/index.html
[root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.152" > 152/index.html
[root@localhost www]# echo "192.168.2.153" > 153/index.html
[root@localhost www]# ls
151 152 153

1.4 修改nginx.conf，將虛擬主機配置文件包含進主文件

[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
fastcgi.conf  fastcgi_params  koi-utf mime.types  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params  win-utf
fastcgi.conf.default fastcgi_params.default koi-win mime.types.default nginx.conf.default scgi_params.default uwsgi_params.default
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf

在nginx.conf文件末尾加入以下配置

# 在http段中找到以下內容并刪除每行前面的“#”
 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
   '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
   '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

# 配置文件結尾的最后一個“}”之前加入以下語句，如下所示
include vhost/*.conf;
}

1.5 編輯每個IP的配置文件（每個虛擬主機的配置文件）

[root@localhost conf]# mkdir -p vhost
[root@localhost conf]# cd vhost/
[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test151.conf
 server {
 listen 192.168.2.151:80;
 # 配置成實際的域名，每個虛擬主機的配置文件域名都相同
 #server_name www.test.com;

 access_log /data/logs/www.test151.com.log main;
 error_log /data/logs/www.test151.com.error.log;

 location / {
  root /data/www/151;
  index index.html index.htm;
 }
 }

[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test152.conf
 server {
 listen 192.168.2.152:80;
 # 配置成實際的域名，每個虛擬主機的配置文件域名都相同
 #server_name www.test.com;

 access_log /data/logs/www.test152.com.log main;
 error_log /data/logs/www.test152.com.error.log;

 location / {
  root /data/www/152;
  index index.html index.htm;
 }
 }

[root@localhost vhost]# cat www.test153.conf
 server {
 listen 192.168.2.153:80;
 # 配置成實際的域名，每個虛擬主機的配置文件域名都相同
 #server_name www.test.com;

 access_log /data/logs/www.test153.com.log main;
 error_log /data/logs/www.test153.com.error.log;

 location / {
  root /data/www/153;
  index index.html index.htm;
 }
 }

1.6 創建日志文件，否則無法啟動nginx

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/logs
[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test151.com.log
[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test151.com.error.log
[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test152.com.log
[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test152.com.error.log
[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test153.com.log
[root@localhost /]# touch /data/logs/www.test153.com.error.log
[root@localhost /]# ls /data/logs/
www.test151.com.error.log www.test152.com.error.log www.test153.com.error.log
www.test151.com.log www.test152.com.log www.test153.com.log

1.7 先測試配置文件然后再啟動nginx

[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# 啟動nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx

1.8 測試文件

[root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test151.com
192.168.2.151
[root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test152.com
192.168.2.152
[root@localhost sbin]# curl www.test153.com
192.168.2.153

附：配置過程中出現的問題

1、測試配置文件時出現的問題

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] unexpected "}" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:122
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

解決方法：下面語句忘記加分號