目錄
- 以下主要介紹如何封裝請求
- 將常用的get、post請求封裝起來
- get請求源碼：
- post請求源碼：
- 再來研究下request源碼：
- 直接調用request函數
在上一篇Python接口自動化測試系列文章：Python接口自動化淺析Token應用原理，介紹token基本概念、運行原理及在自動化中接口如何攜帶token進行訪問。
以下主要介紹如何封裝請求
還記得我們之前寫的get請求、post請求么？
大家應該有體會，每個請求類型都寫成單獨的函數，代碼復用性不強。
接下來將請求類型都封裝起來，自動化用例都可以用這個封裝的請求類進行請求
將常用的get、post請求封裝起來
import requests
class RequestHandler:
def get(self, url, **kwargs):
"""封裝get方法"""
# 獲取請求參數
params = kwargs.get("params")
headers = kwargs.get("headers")
try:
result = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers)
return result
except Exception as e:
print("get請求錯誤: %s" % e)
def post(self, url, **kwargs):
"""封裝post方法"""
# 獲取請求參數
params = kwargs.get("params")
data = kwargs.get("data")
json = kwargs.get("json")
try:
result = requests.post(url, params=params, data=data, json=json)
return result
except Exception as e:
print("post請求錯誤: %s" % e)
def run_main(self, method, **kwargs):
"""
判斷請求類型
:param method: 請求接口類型
:param kwargs: 選填參數
:return: 接口返回內容
"""
if method == 'get':
result = self.get(**kwargs)
return result
elif method == 'post':
result = self.post(**kwargs)
return result
else:
print('請求接口類型錯誤')
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 以下是測試代碼
# get請求接口
url = 'https://api.apiopen.top/getJoke?page=1count=2type=video'
res = RequestHandler().get(url)
# post請求接口
url2 = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/login/'
payload = {
"username": "vivi",
"password": "123456"
}
res2 = RequestHandler().post(url2,json=payload)
print(res.json())
print(res2.json())
請求結果如下：
'message': '成功!',
'result': [{'sid': '31004305',
'text': '羊：師傅，理個發，稍微修一下就行',
'type': 'video',
'thumbnail': 'http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/picture/2020/0410/5e8fbf227c7f3_wpd.jpg',
'video': 'http://uvideo.spriteapp.cn/video/2020/0410/5e8fbf227c7f3_wpd.mp4',
'images': None,
'up': '95',
'down': '1',
'forward': '0',
'comment': '25',
'uid': '23189193',
'name': '青川小舟',
'header': 'http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/profile/large/2019/12/24/5e01934bb01b5_mini.jpg',
'top_comments_content':None,
'top_comments_voiceuri': None,
'top_comments_uid': None,
'top_comments_name': None,
'top_comments_header': None,
'passtime': '2020-04-12 01:43:02'},
{'sid': '30559863',
'text': '機器人女友，除了不能生孩子，其他的啥都會，價格239000元',
'type': 'video',
'thumbnail': 'http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/picture/2020/0306/5e61a41172a1b_wpd.jpg',
'video': 'http://uvideo.spriteapp.cn/video/2020/0306/5e61a41172a1b_wpd.mp4',
'images': None, 'up': '80', 'down': '6',
'forward': '3',
'comment': '20',
'uid': '23131273',
'name': '水到渠成',
'header': 'http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/profile/large/2019/07/04/5d1d90349cd1a_mini.jpg',
'top_comments_content': '為游戲做的秀',
'top_comments_voiceuri': '',
'top_comments_uid': '10250040',
'top_comments_name': '不得姐用戶',
'top_comments_header': 'http://wimg.spriteapp.cn/profile',
'passtime': '2020-04-11 20:43:49'}]}
{'token': 'eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxLCJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InZpdmkiLCJleHAiOjE1ODY4NTc0MzcsImVtYWlsIjoidml2aUBxcS5jb20ifQ.k6y0dAfNU2o9Hd9LFfxEk1HKgczlQfUaKE-imPfTsm4',
'user_id': 1,
'username': 'vivi'}
這樣就完美了嗎，no,no,no。
以上代碼痛點如下：
代碼量大：只是封裝了get、post請求，加上其他請求類型，代碼量較大；
缺少會話管理：請求之間如何保持會話狀態。
我們再來回顧下get、post等請求源碼，看下是否有啥特點。
get請求源碼：
def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
r"""Sends a GET request.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
:return: :class:`Response Response>` object
:rtype: requests.Response
"""
kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
post請求源碼：
def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
r"""Sends a POST request.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
:return: :class:`Response Response>` object
:rtype: requests.Response
"""
return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
仔細研究下，發現get、post請求返回的都是request函數。
再來研究下request源碼：
def request(method, url, **kwargs):
"""Constructs and sends a :class:`Request Request>`.
:param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
to add for the file.
:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
:param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
timeout) timeouts>` tuple.
:type timeout: float or tuple
:param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
:type allow_redirects: bool
:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
:param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
:param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
:return: :class:`Response Response>` object
:rtype: requests.Response
Usage::
>>> import requests
>>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
Response [200]>
"""
# By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
# avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
# cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
with sessions.Session() as session:
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
源碼看起來很長，其實只有三行，大部分是代碼注釋。
從源碼中可以看出，不管是get還是post亦或其他請求類型，最終都是調用request函數。
既然這樣，我們可以不像之前那樣，在類內定義get方法、post方法，而是定義一個通用的方法
直接調用request函數
看起來有點繞，用代碼實現就清晰了。
import requests
class RequestHandler:
def __init__(self):
"""session管理器"""
self.session = requests.session()
def visit(self, method, url, params=None, data=None, json=None, headers=None, **kwargs):
return self.session.request(method,url, params=params, data=data, json=json, headers=headers,**kwargs)
def close_session(self):
"""關閉session"""
self.session.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 以下是測試代碼
# post請求接口
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/login/'
payload = {
"username": "vivi",
"password": "123456"
}
req = RequestHandler()
login_res = req.visit("post", url, json=payload)
print(login_res.text)
響應結果：
{
"token": "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxLCJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InZpdmkiLCJleHAiOjE1ODY4Njk3ODQsImVtYWlsIjoidml2aUBxcS5jb20ifQ.OD4HIv8G0HZ_RCk-GTVAZ9ADRjwqr3o0E32CC_2JMLg",
"user_id": 1,
"username": "vivi"
}
這次請求封裝簡潔實用，當然小伙伴們也可以根據自己的需求自行封裝。
以上就是Python接口自動化淺析requests請求封裝原理的詳細內容，更多關于Python接口自動化requests請求封裝的資料請關注腳本之家其它相關文章！
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