前言
在SQL Server數據庫中，有時候會建立一些Windows認證的賬號（域賬號）,例如，我們公司習慣給開發人員和Support同事開通NT賬號權限，如果有離職或負責事宜變更的話，那么要如何正確的刪除這些Windows認證賬號呢？這篇文章就是來探討一下如何正確的刪除Windows認證賬號。如下所示：
下面這種方式，僅僅是刪除登錄名（login），然而并沒有刪除用戶（User)
USE [master]
GO
DROP LOGIN [xxx\xxxx]
GO
你刪除登錄名的時候，就會遇到類似下面的告警信息：
Deleting server logins does not delete the database users associated with the logins. To complete the process, delete the users in each database. It may be necessary to first transfer the ownership of schemas to new users.
也就是說，雖然你刪除了登錄名，但是對應用戶數據庫或系統數據庫相關的User權限并沒有清理，在SQL Server中登錄名（Server Login)跟數據庫的用戶（database User）是分離開來，但是又有關聯的。所以正確的姿勢： 在刪除登錄名（login）后，還必須去每個數據庫，刪除對應的用戶（user). 在刪除登錄名前必須檢查，有那些作業的OWNER或數據庫的OWNER的為該Windows認證賬號（NT賬號），否則后面就會遇到一些問題：
1：如果刪除Windows認證用戶前，沒有修改作業的OWNER(如果此作業的OWNER為此Windows用戶的話，那么刪除Windows認證用戶后，作業就會報類似下面這種錯誤。
The job failed. The owner (xx\xxx) of job syspolicy_purge_history does not have server access.
所以在刪除Windows認證用戶前，必須檢查并修改作業的Owner，避免這種情況出現。
2：刪除Windows認證用戶前，確認是否有數據庫的OWNER為此Windows認證用戶。否則刪除登錄名時會報錯
Msg 15174, Level 16, State 1, Line 4
Login 'xxx\xxxx' owns one or more database(s). Change the owner of the database(s) before dropping the login.
Msg 15174, Level 16, State 1, Line 4
登錄名 'xxx\xxx' 擁有一個或多個數據庫。在刪除該登錄名之前，請更改相應數據庫的所有者。
必須修改數據庫的Owner后（一般將數據庫的owner改為sa），才能刪除登錄名
sp_changedbowner 'sa'
3：有時候刪除用戶時，報下面錯誤，必須修改后，才能刪除對應的用戶。
遇到下面錯誤：
Msg 15138, Level 16, State 1, Line 3
數據庫主體在該數據庫中擁有 架構，無法刪除。
Msg 15138, Level 16, State 1, Line 3
The database principal owns a schema in the database, and cannot be dropped.
USE YourSQLDba;
GO
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::[db_owner] TO [dbo];
USE [YourSQLDba]
GO
DROP USER [xxx\konglb];
GO
當然要根據實際情況來處理
USE [UserDatabase];
GO
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::[xxx] TO [dbo];
另外一種是用戶創建的Schema,這個根上面情況沒有差別。
所以正確的刪除登錄名,可以用腳本生成對應的SQL（當然也可以執行對應的SQL，但是這種高位操作，建議生成腳本，人工判斷后，手工執行）
DECLARE @login_name sysname;
SET @login_name='GFG1\chenzhenh'
SELECT d.name AS database_name,
owner_sid AS owner_sid ,
l.name AS database_owner
FROM sys.databases d
LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l ON l.sid = d.owner_sid
WHERE l.name=@login_name;
SELECT 'USE ' + d.name + CHAR(10)
+ 'GO' + CHAR(10)
+ 'EXEC dbo.sp_changedbowner @loginame =N''sa'', @map = false' AS change_db_owner_cmd
FROM sys.databases d
LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l ON l.sid = d.owner_sid
WHERE l.name = @login_name;
SELECT j.job_id AS JOB_ID
,j.name AS JOB_NAME
,CASE WHEN [enabled] =1 THEN 'Enabled'
ELSE 'Disabled' END AS JOB_ENABLED
,l.name AS JOB_OWNER
,j.category_id AS JOB_CATEGORY_ID
,c.name AS JOB_CATEGORY_NAME
,[description] AS JOB_DESCRIPTION
,date_created AS DATE_CREATED
,date_modified AS DATE_MODIFIED
FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs j
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.syscategories c ON j.category_id = c.category_id
INNER JOIN sys.syslogins l ON l.sid = j.owner_sid
WHERE l.name= @login_name
ORDER BY j.name
DECLARE @job_owner NVARCHAR(32);
SET @job_owner='sa';
SELECT 'EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_name=N''' +j.name + ''', @owner_login_name=N''' + RTRIM(LTRIM(@job_owner)) + ''';' AS change_job_owner_cmd
FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs j
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.syscategories c ON j.category_id = c.category_id
INNER JOIN sys.syslogins l ON l.sid = j.owner_sid
WHERE l.name = @login_name
ORDER BY j.name
SELECT '
USE [master]
GO
DROP LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME(@login_name) +
'
GO
' AS drop_login_user;
然后刪除用戶(User),此腳本也可以清理那些登錄名已經刪除，但是對應的USER沒有清理的Windows 認證用戶。此腳本可能有一些邏輯上的Bug，個人也是fix掉了一些Bug后，才發布這篇博客。如果遇到什么Bug，可以留言反饋。
DECLARE @database_id INT;
DECLARE @database_name sysname;
DECLARE @cmdText NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @prc_text NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @RowIndex INT;
DECLARE @user_name NVARCHAR(128);
IF OBJECT_ID('TempDB.dbo.#databases') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE dbo.#databases;
CREATE TABLE #databases
(
database_id INT,
database_name sysname
)
INSERT INTO #databases
SELECT database_id ,
name
FROM sys.databases
WHERE name NOT IN ( 'master', 'tempdb', 'model', 'msdb',
'distribution', 'ReportServer',
'ReportServerTempDB', 'YourSQLDba' )
AND state = 0; --state_desc=ONLINE
CREATE TABLE #removed_user
(
username sysname
)
--開始循環每一個用戶數據庫（排除了上面相關數據庫）
WHILE 1= 1
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 @database_name= database_name
FROM #databases
ORDER BY database_id;
IF @@ROWCOUNT =0
BREAK;
SET @cmdText = 'USE ' + @database_name + ';' +CHAR(10)
SELECT @cmdText += 'INSERT INTO #removed_user
SELECT name FROM sys.sysusers
WHERE sid NOT IN (SELECT sid FROM sys.syslogins WHERE isntname=1 AND name LIKE ''GFG1%'')
AND isntname=1 AND name NOT IN (''NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM'')' + CHAR(10);
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText
SELECT @database_name AS database_name;
SELECT j.job_id AS JOB_ID
,j.name AS JOB_NAME
,CASE WHEN [enabled] =1 THEN 'Enabled'
ELSE 'Disabled' END AS JOB_ENABLED
,l.name AS JOB_OWNER
,j.category_id AS JOB_CATEGORY_ID
,c.name AS JOB_CATEGORY_NAME
,[description] AS JOB_DESCRIPTION
,date_created AS DATE_CREATED
,date_modified AS DATE_MODIFIED
FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs j
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.syscategories c ON j.category_id = c.category_id
INNER JOIN sys.syslogins l ON l.sid = j.owner_sid
INNER JOIN #removed_user r ON l.name = r.username
ORDER BY j.name;
SELECT d.name AS database_name ,
l.name AS database_owner ,
d.create_date AS create_date ,
d.collation_name AS collcation_name ,
d.state_desc AS state_desc
FROM sys.databases d
INNER JOIN sys.syslogins l ON d.owner_sid = l.sid
INNER JOIN #removed_user r ON r.username = l.name
SET @cmdText = 'USE ' + @database_name + ';' +CHAR(10)
SET @cmdText += 'SELECT * FROM sys.schemas s
INNER JOIN #removed_user r ON s.name =r.username Collate Database_Default' + CHAR(10);
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;
SET @cmdText = 'USE ' + @database_name + ';' +CHAR(10)
SET @cmdText += 'SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE schema_id IN (SELECT s.schema_id FROM sys.schemas s INNER JOIN #removed_user r ON s.name =r.username Collate Database_Default);'
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText;
SET @cmdText = 'USE ' + @database_name + ';' +CHAR(10)
SET @cmdText += 'SELECT ''USE ' + @database_name + ';'' + CHAR(10) +''GO'' + CHAR(10) +''ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::'' +QUOTENAME(s.name) +'' TO [dbo];'' AS change_schema_cmd FROM sys.schemas s
INNER JOIN #removed_user r ON s.name =r.username Collate Database_Default ' + CHAR(10);
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText, N'@database_name sysname',@database_name ;
SET @cmdText = 'USE ' + @database_name + ';' +CHAR(10)
SET @cmdText += 'SELECT ''USE ' + @database_name + ';'' + CHAR(10) +''GO'' + CHAR(10) +''ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::'' +QUOTENAME(s.SCHEMA_NAME) +'' TO [dbo];'' AS change_schema_cmd
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA s
INNER JOIN #removed_user r ON s.SCHEMA_OWNER =r.username Collate Database_Default' + CHAR(10);
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @cmdText, N'@database_name sysname',@database_name ;
SELECT 'USE ' + QUOTENAME(@database_name) + CHAR(10)
+ 'GO ' + CHAR(10)
+ 'DROP USER ' + QUOTENAME(username) +';' + CHAR(10)
+ 'GO' AS drop_user_cmd
FROM #removed_user;
TRUNCATE TABLE #removed_user;
DELETE FROM #databases WHERE database_name=@database_name;
END
DROP TABLE #databases;
DROP TABLE #removed_user;
總結
以上就是這篇文章的全部內容了，希望本文的內容對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值，謝謝大家對腳本之家的支持。
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