之前一直有過疑惑為什么MySQL數據庫存timestamp可以無視時區問題.
在業務中也是一直使用Laravel框架,內置的Migration也是使用的timestamp類型字段, 也沒太關心.
開始
查看當前數據庫時區
mysql> show variables like "%time_zone%";
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | CST |
| time_zone | +08:00 |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.30 sec)
查看表結構
mysql> desc timestamp_test;
+--------------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| created_time | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| created_at | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
+--------------+-----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.26 sec)
插入數據
mysql> insert into timestamp_test(created_time, created_at) values('2020-12-09 08:00:00', '2020-12-09 08:00:00');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)
mysql> select * from timestamp_test;
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| id | created_time | created_at |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
這個時間看起來是沒問題的, 那么我們嘗試修改時區再插入數據
mysql> SET time_zone = "+00:00";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into timestamp_test(created_time, created_at) values('2020-12-09 08:00:00', '2020-12-09 08:00:00');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> SET time_zone = "+08:00";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
這時候再查看數據, 兩條插入的SQL是一樣的,但是發現查詢的結果是不一樣的
這兩條數據created_at的相差正好是時區的時間差
mysql> select * from timestamp_test;
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| id | created_time | created_at |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 |
| 2 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 2020-12-09 16:00:00 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)
再看一下實際存儲的時間戳, 然后我們變化時區, 發現字段時間變化了,但是原始的時間戳數據沒變
mysql> select *, unix_timestamp(created_at) from timestamp_test;
+----+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+
| id | created_time | created_at | unix_timestamp(created_at) |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+
| 1 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 1607472000 |
| 2 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 2020-12-09 16:00:00 | 1607500800 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)
mysql> SET time_zone = "+00:00";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> show variables like "%time_zone%";
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | CST |
| time_zone | +00:00 |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.08 sec)
mysql> select *, unix_timestamp(created_at) from timestamp_test;
+----+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+
| id | created_time | created_at | unix_timestamp(created_at) |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+
| 1 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 2020-12-09 00:00:00 | 1607472000 |
| 2 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 2020-12-09 08:00:00 | 1607500800 |
+----+---------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.18 sec)
因為這一切是MySQL隱式的幫我們轉換了, 讓我們不用關心時區的問題
就是數據庫實際上會保存 UTC 時間戳，寫入的時候先按 Session 時區轉成 UTC 時間，讀出的時候再按 Session 時區轉成當前時區的時間，這些轉換都是透明的
- 假如我們在正八區存儲了
2020-12-09 08:00:00時間的一條數據
- 我們在正八區取出這一條數據, 時間依然是
2020-12-09 08:00:00
- 這時候我們有一臺在零時區的服務器,連接
MySQL,并且把當前連接的時區設置為+00:00,再去查數據庫這條記錄,查到的數據是:2020-12-09 00:00:00, 正好對應零時區的時間,這樣子我們就不用考慮時區的問題.
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