puppet是一種Linux、Unix、windows平臺的集中配置管理系統，使用自有的puppet描述語言，可管理配置文件、用戶、cron任務、軟件包、系統服務等。puppet把這些系統實體稱之為資源，puppet的設計目標是簡化對這些資源的管理以及妥善處理資源間的依賴關系。
puppet采用C/S星狀的結構，所有的客戶端和一個或幾個服務器交互。每個客戶端周期的（默認半個小時）向服務器發送請求，獲得其最新的配置信息，保證和該配置信息同步。每個puppet客戶端每半小時(可以設置)連接一次服務器端, 下載最新的配置文件,并且嚴格按照配置文件來配置客戶端. 配置完成以后,puppet客戶端可以反饋給服務器端一個消息. 如果出錯,也會給服務器端反饋一個消息.
環境說明：
OS:CentOS 5.4 i386
puppetmaster 192.168.0.12 hostname: puppetmaster.info.com
client 192.168.0.64 hostname: client1.info.com
原理圖：
1) 客戶端通過facter收集客戶端信息并發送至服務端
2) 連接服務端并請求catalog日志
3) 請求節點（node）的信息
4) 從服務器端接收節點（node)的實例
5) 編譯代碼（包括語法檢查等工作）
6) 查詢是否有exported 虛擬資源
7) 如有，則從數據庫接收虛擬資源
8) 接收完整的catalog日志
9) 存儲catalog日志到數據庫
10) 客戶端接收完整的catalog日志
一、 時間同步,并寫入crontab
15 1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org; hwclock -w >/dev/null 2>1
二、 修改主機名,并寫入/etc/hosts文件
Puppet 要求所有機器有完整的域名（FQDN），如果沒有 DNS 服務器提供域名的話，可以在兩臺機器上設置主機名
（注意建議先設置主機名再安裝 Puppet，因安裝 Puppet 時會把主機名寫入證書，客戶端和服務端通信需要這個證書）
192.168.0.12 puppetmaster.info.com
192.168.0.64 client1.info.com
三、 安裝ruby
[root@puppetmaster ~]# yum install ruby ruby-libs ruby-rdoc -y
[root@puppetmaster ~]# ruby --version
ruby 1.8.5 (2006-08-25) [i386-linux]
我安裝的是1.8.5 ，不要安裝1.8.7 puppet 還不支持，( 我沒試過，如果出現不支持的情況，注意一下這里。)
四、 安裝facter
安裝puppet之前必須先安裝facter
facter是一個系統盤點工具，收集主的一些資料，比如CPU，主機IP等，它收集到值發送給puppet服務器端,服務器端就可以根據不同的條件來對不同的節點機器生成不同的puppet配置文件
puppet資源下載點 http://downloads.puppetlabs.com/
[root@puppetmaster src]# wget http://downloads.puppetlabs.com/facter/facter-1.6.8.tar.gz
[root@puppetmaster src]# tar xzvf facter-1.6.8.tar.gz
[root@puppetmaster src]# cd facter-1.6.8
[root@puppetmaster facter-1.6.8]# ruby install.rb
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# ruby install.rb
五、 安裝puppet
[root@puppetmaster src]# wget http://downloads.puppetlabs.com/puppet/puppet-2.7.14.tar.gz
[root@puppetmaster src]# tar xzvf puppet-2.7.14.tar.gz
[root@puppetmaster src]# cd puppet-2.7.14
六、 復制配置文件
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# cp conf/redhat/fileserver.conf /etc/puppet/
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# cp conf/redhat/puppet.conf /etc/puppet/
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# cp conf/redhat/server.init /etc/init.d/puppetmaster
七、 設置puppetmaster 服務開機啟動
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# ls -l /etc/init.d/puppetmaster
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3936 Sep 3 12:13 /etc/init.d/puppetmaster
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]#
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# chkconfig --add puppetmaster
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# chkconfig --level 35 puppetmaster on
八、 創建puppet帳號
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# puppetmasterd --mkusers
1）確認是否生成清單文件夾
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# ls -l /etc/puppet/
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2552 Sep 3 12:11 auth.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 381 Sep 3 12:13 fileserver.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 12:17 manifests
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 853 Sep 3 12:13 puppet.conf
2）確認系統生成puppet用戶
[root@puppetmaster puppet-2.7.14]# id puppet
uid=1002(puppet) gid=1002(puppet) groups=1002(puppet)/p>
p>[root@puppetmaster puppet]# cat /etc/passwd |grep puppet
puppet:x:1002:1002::/home/puppet:/bin/bash
3）保證/var/lib/puppet/rrd目錄存在且屬主是puppet
[root@puppetmaster puppet]# ls -l /var/lib/puppet/
total 36
drwxr-x--- 2 puppet puppet 4096 Sep 3 12:17 bucket
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 12:17 facts
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 12:17 lib
drwxr-x--- 2 puppet puppet 4096 Sep 3 12:17 reports
drwxr-x--- 2 puppet puppet 4096 Sep 3 12:17 rrd
drwxr-x--- 2 puppet puppet 4096 Sep 3 12:17 server_data
drwxrwx--x 8 puppet root 4096 Sep 3 12:26 ssl
drwxr-xr-t 2 root root 4096 Sep 3 12:17 state
drwxr-x--- 2 puppet puppet 4096 Sep 3 12:17 yaml
4）查看端口
[root@puppetmaster puppet]# netstat -Tanlp | grep 8140
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8140 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4556/ruby
客戶端：
安裝facter,puppet 同puppetmaster 一樣。但復制的文件如下
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# cp conf/redhat/client.init /etc/init.d/puppet
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# chkconfig --level 35 puppet on
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# puppetd --mkusers
Could not prepare for execution: Got 1 failure(s) while initializing: change from absent to present failed: Could not create user puppet: Execution of '/usr/sbin/useradd -g puppet -M puppet' returned 3: useradd: invalid numeric argument 'puppet'/p>
p>[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# groupadd puppet;useradd -g puppet -M puppet
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# service puppet start
Starting puppet: [ OK ]
測試解析與puppetmaster端口是否暢通
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# telnet puppetmaster.info.com 8140
Trying 192.168.0.12...
Connected to puppetmaster.info.com (192.168.0.12).
Escape character is '^]'./p>
p>[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# puppetd --test --server puppetmaster.info.com
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
info: Caching certificate for ca
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for client1.info.com
info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): 07:C9:D4:43:3C:3E:D6:D1:0A:B1:8B:71:DB:6B:9D:FE
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
Exiting; no certificate found and waitforcert is disabled
# puppetd --test --server puppetmaster.info.com命令是指puppetd 從 puppetmaster.info.com去讀取
puppet配置文件. 第一次連接,雙方會進行ssl證書的驗證,這是一個新的客戶端,在服務器端那里還沒有被認證,因此需要在服務器端進行證書認證
以下這步批準證書是在服務端操作
查看當前待批準證書列表
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppetca -l
client1.info.com (07:C9:D4:43:3C:3E:D6:D1:0A:B1:8B:71:DB:6B:9D:FE)
批準當前證書
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppetca -s client1.info.com
notice: Signed certificate request for client1.info.com
notice: Removing file Puppet::SSL::CertificateRequest client1.info.com at '/var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/requests/client1.info.com.pem'
查看驗證簽名,注意前面的+號，說明已經簽名
[root@puppetmaster ~]# puppetca -a --list
+ client1.info.com (03:BE:50:AE:72:1A:39:79:17:F4:E5:74:FD:CC:BC:8C)
+ puppetmaster.info.com (97:34:BF:26:A6:0E:E9:9C:DB:76:D3:53:D0:56:60:83) (alt names: DNS:puppet, DNS:puppet.info.com, DNS:puppetmaster.info.com)
如果要批準全部證書
puppetca -s -a
也可以在puppetmaster端的puppet.conf加入這行：
autosign = true
服務端就自動簽證書
回到客戶端操作，從服務端取回已批準的證書
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# puppetd --test --server puppetmaster.info.com
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
info: Caching certificate for client1.info.com
info: Caching certificate_revocation_list for ca
info: Caching catalog for client1.info.com
info: Applying configuration version '1378188531
驗證證書是否正確
服務端:
[root@puppetmaster ~]# md5sum /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/client1.info.com.pem
27a295f39a6b4a6c7ceb74c9c3a5084c /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/client1.info.com.pem/p>
p>客戶端:
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# md5sum /etc/puppet/ssl/certs/client1.info.com.pem
27a295f39a6b4a6c7ceb74c9c3a5084c /etc/puppet/ssl/certs/client1.info.com.pem/p>
p>
出現修改主機名問題引起無法認證，需要重新申請證書，操作以下兩個步驟：
服務端：
[root@puppetmaster ~]# rm /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/client1.info.com.pem -rf/p>
p>客戶端：
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# rm /etc/puppet/ssl/certs/ -rf
功能測試
服務端：
建立pp文件測試
puppet的第一個執行的代碼是在/etc/puppet/manifest/site.pp ,因此這個文件必須存在,而且其他的代碼也要通過代碼來調用.
[root@puppetmaster ~]# vim /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
node default {
file {"/tmp/viong.txt":
content=>"good,test pass!\nHello World!\n";}
}
上面的代碼對默認連入的puppet客戶端執行一個操作,在/tmp目錄生成一個viong.txt文件,內容是good,test pass! 回車換行Hello World!回車換行.
初次創建pp文件，需要重啟puppetmaster
[root@puppetmaster ~]# service puppetmaster restart
Stopping puppetmaster: [ OK ]
Starting puppetmaster: [ OK ]
客戶端：
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# puppetd --test --server puppetmaster.info.com
info: Caching catalog for client1.info.com
info: Applying configuration version '1378190404'
notice: /Stage[main]//Node[default]/File[/tmp/viong.txt]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}4750aa5be82dae5db286a5859700dd51'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.03 seconds
如果報錯
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# puppetd --test --server puppetmaster.info.com
err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: Could not parse for environment production: Syntax error at end of file; expected '}' at /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp:4 on node client1.info.com
warning: Not using cache on failed catalog
err: Could not retrieve catalog; skipping run
可能是/etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp 這個文件書寫格式有問題。
在客戶端查看:
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# ls -l /tmp/viong.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 Sep 3 14:50 /tmp/viong.txt
[root@client1 puppet-2.7.14]# cat /tmp/viong.txt
good,test pass!
Hello World!
