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主頁(yè) > 知識(shí)庫(kù) > position:sticky 粘性定位的幾種巧妙應(yīng)用詳解

position:sticky 粘性定位的幾種巧妙應(yīng)用詳解

背景：position: sticky 又稱(chēng)為粘性定位，粘性定位的元素是依賴(lài)于用戶(hù)的滾動(dòng)，在 position:relative 與 position:fixed 定位之間切換。元素根據(jù)正常文檔流進(jìn)行定位，然后相對(duì)它的最近滾動(dòng)祖先（nearest scrolling ancestor）和 containing block (最近塊級(jí)祖先 nearest block-level ancestor)，包括table-related 元素，基于 top, right, bottom, 和 left的值進(jìn)行偏移。

粘性定位可以被認(rèn)為是相對(duì)定位和固定定位的混合。元素在跨越特定閾值前為相對(duì)定位，之后為固定定位。例如：

#one { position: sticky; top: 10px; }

設(shè)置了以上樣式的元素，在 viewport 視口滾動(dòng)到元素 top 距離小于 10px 之前，元素為相對(duì)定位。之后，元素將固定在與頂部距離 10px 的位置，直到 viewport 視口回滾到閾值以下。

注意：

元素定位表現(xiàn)為在跨越特定閾值前為相對(duì)定位，之后為固定定位。
須指定 top, right, bottom 或 left 四個(gè)閾值其中之一，才可使粘性定位生效。否則其行為與相對(duì)定位相同。
偏移值不會(huì)影響任何其他元素的位置。該值總是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的層疊上下文（stacking context）。
一個(gè) sticky元素會(huì) 固定在離它最近的一個(gè)擁有滾動(dòng)機(jī)制的祖先上（當(dāng)該祖先的 overflow 是 hidden, scroll, auto, 或 overlay時(shí)），即便這個(gè)祖先不是最近的真實(shí)可滾動(dòng)祖先。

應(yīng)用示例

1. 基礎(chǔ)：頭部固定

頭部導(dǎo)航欄開(kāi)始時(shí)相對(duì)定位頂部，當(dāng)頁(yè)面元素發(fā)生滾動(dòng)時(shí)，變?yōu)楹?fixed 類(lèi)似的固定定位。

<main class="main-container">
  <header class="main-header">HEADER</header>
  <div class="main-content">MAIN CONTENT</div>
  <footer class="main-footer">FOOTER</footer>
</main>

.main-container {
  max-width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  margin-top: 40px;
  overflow: auto;
}
.main-container *+* {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.main-header {
  height: 50px;
}
.main-content {
  min-height: 600px;
}
.main-header {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

2. 基礎(chǔ)：頁(yè)腳固定

頁(yè)腳固定效果，開(kāi)始時(shí)也較為固定定位效果，當(dāng)頁(yè)面滾動(dòng)超過(guò)頁(yè)腳時(shí)，頁(yè)腳定位效果變?yōu)橄鄬?duì)定位效果，可用于顯示一些底部信息或廣告。

<main class="main-container">
  <header class="main-header">HEADER</header>
  <div class="main-content">MAIN CONTENT</div>
  <footer class="main-footer">FOOTER</footer>
</main>
<div class="devide"></div>

.main-container *+* {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.main-header {
  height: 50px;
}
.main-content {
  min-height: 600px;
}
.main-footer {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  bottom: 0;
  border-color: red;
}
.devide {
  height: 600px;
}

3. 基礎(chǔ)：側(cè)邊欄固定

當(dāng)頁(yè)面產(chǎn)生滾動(dòng)，位置超過(guò)側(cè)邊欄的頂部閾值后，側(cè)邊欄變?yōu)楣潭ǘㄎ唬捎糜趯?shí)現(xiàn)側(cè)邊導(dǎo)航欄或側(cè)邊提示信息及廣告展示。

<div class="scroll">
  <div class="wrapper cf">
    <div class="content">
      <h1>Scroll Down!</h1>
      <p>Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam egestas semper. Aenean ultricies mi vitae est. Mauris placerat eleifend leo.</p>
      <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Minus suscipit blanditiis delectus quos, soluta fuga voluptatem, facere inventore neque voluptate quaerat unde laboriosam molestiae repellat, sapiente accusamus cumque! Ipsam, illo!</p>
    </div>
    <div class="sidebar">
      <h3>Sidebar</h3>
      <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Ab maxime fugiat perspiciatis.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

.cf:before, .cf:after {
  content: " ";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}
.cf {
  *zoom: 1;
}
.scroll {
  height: 500px;
  overflow: scroll;
  padding: 0 10px;
  max-width: 500px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  background: #FFFFFF;
}
.content {
  padding: 0 15px;
  width: 280px;
}
.sidebar {
  padding: 20px;
  width: 170px;
  background: #2D2D2D;
  color: #FFFFFF;
}
.content, .sidebar {
  float: left;
}
.sidebar {
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 15px;
}

4. 基礎(chǔ)：列表錨點(diǎn)

僅使用 css 就可實(shí)現(xiàn)頁(yè)面滾動(dòng)錨點(diǎn)固定效果，可用于實(shí)現(xiàn)通訊錄滾動(dòng)、日志記錄滾動(dòng)、其他分類(lèi)列表滾動(dòng)效果。

 <div class="container">
  <div class="list">
    <div class="list-group">
      <div class="list-header">A</div>
      <div class="list-content">
        <div>Apple</div>
        <div>Artichoke</div>
        <div>Aardvark</div>
        <div>Ant</div>
        <div>Acorn</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- ... -->
    <div class="list-group">
      <div class="list-header">D</div>
      <div class="list-content">
        <div>Dog</div>
        <div>Date</div>
        <div>Danish</div>
        <div>Dandelion</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

@supports CSS at-rule 您可以指定依賴(lài)于瀏覽器中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)特定的CSS功能的支持聲明。這被稱(chēng)為特性查詢(xún)。該規(guī)則可以放在代碼的頂層，也可以嵌套在任何其他條件組規(guī)則中。

@supports (position: sticky) {
  .list-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
  }
}
.container {
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  position: relative;
  overflow: auto;
}
.list {
  min-height: 1600px;
  background: #FFFFFF;
}
.list-content {
  padding: 10px 20px;
}
.list-header {
  padding: 10px;
  background: #2D2D2D;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  position: relative;
  font-weight: bold;
}

5. 進(jìn)階：表格表頭固定

對(duì) table 元素的 th 或 tr 設(shè)置 position: sticky; 可以實(shí)現(xiàn)表格頭部或某行固定，也可將多個(gè)表格合并到一起，當(dāng)滾動(dòng)到當(dāng)前表格是，固定頭部自動(dòng)變?yōu)楫?dāng)前表格的表頭。

<div class="container">
  <table>
    <thead>
      <tr class="red">
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Age</th>
        <th>Job</th>
        <th>Color</th>
        <th>URL</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>Lorem.</td>
        <td>Ullam.</td>
        <td>Vel.</td>
        <td>At.</td>
        <td>Quis.</td>
      </tr>
      <!-- ... -->
      <tr class="green">
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Age</th>
        <th>Job</th>
        <th>Color</th>
        <th>URL</th>
      </tr>
     <!-- ... -->
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

.container {
  height: 500px;
  width: fit-content;
  margin: 40px auto;
x  overflow: auto;
}
table {
  text-align: left;
  position: relative;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
th, td {
  padding: 0.25rem;
}
tr:nth-child(even) {
  background: #EFEFEF;
}
tr.red th {
  background: #dd4a63;
  color: white;
}
tr.green th {
  background: #03C03C;
  color: white;
}
tr.blue th {
  background: #1580d8;
  color: white;
}
th {
  background: white;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

6. 進(jìn)階：頁(yè)面進(jìn)度條（簡(jiǎn)易）

利用 position: sticky; 定位，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)頁(yè)面瀏覽進(jìn)度條效果，以下是簡(jiǎn)易進(jìn)度條的演示，實(shí)際實(shí)現(xiàn)中可將未滾動(dòng)到頂部的元素設(shè)置為透明色，滾動(dòng)到頂部時(shí)變?yōu)樗{(lán)色。

<div class="container">
  <h1>Sticky Progress</h1>
  <div class="sticky"></div>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptatem, cumque? A, est perferendis explicabo odit possimus quisquam rem ad tempore ipsa, obcaecati ex culpa similique, aliquam corporis. Quis, nostrum expedita.</p>
  <!-- ... -->
  <div class="sticky"></div>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptatem, cumque? A, est perferendis explicabo odit possimus quisquam rem ad tempore ipsa, obcaecati ex culpa similique, aliquam corporis. Quis, nostrum expedita.</p>
</div>

.container {
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  overflow: auto;
  margin: 40px auto 40px;
  padding-bottom: 500px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.sticky {
  width: 50px;
  height: 10px;
  background: rgba(36, 167, 254, 0.979);
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}
.sticky:nth-of-type(2) {
  transform: translateX(50px);
}
.sticky:nth-of-type(3) {
  transform: translateX(100px);
}
.sticky:nth-of-type(4) {
// ... 
.sticky:nth-of-type(10) {
  transform: translateX(450px);
}

7. 進(jìn)階：頁(yè)面進(jìn)度條（優(yōu)化）

優(yōu)化版的進(jìn)度條支持瀏覽進(jìn)度百分比顯示，助于提升用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)。

<article>
  <div class="article-title">
    <h1>Page Progress Bar Example</h1>
    <div class="progress-wrapper">
      <div class="progress-label"></div>
      <progress></progress>
    </div>
  </div>
  <img src=""/>
  <p><em>All images provided at random from Codepen assets. All ipsum text provided by officeipsum.com.</em></p>
  <p>Face time level the playing field highlights. Bake it in quick win bench mark, or paddle on both sides. Re-inventing the wheel. What do you feel you would bring to the table if you were hired for this position drink from the firehose, but quarterly sales are at an all-time low or can you ballpark the cost per unit for me we are running out of runway.</p>
  <!-- ... -->
  <img src=""/>
  <p>Meeting assassin enough to wash your face so after I ran into Helen at a restaurant, I realized she was just office pretty good optics put a record on and see who dances, yet we're ahead of the curve on that one, or personal development. Bench mark beef up helicopter view highlights take five, punch the tree, and come back in here with a clear head, so translating our vision of having a market leading platfrom nor what's the status on the deliverables for eow?.</p>
</article>

:root {
  --progress-bar-height: 4px;
  --progress-bar-color: gainsboro;
  --progress-bar-value-color: dodgerblue;
  --progress-bar-value: 20%;
}
article {
  position: relative;
  padding: 24px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 60px auto;
}
.article-title {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
}
img {
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.progress-wrapper {
  position: relative;
}
.progress-label {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
}
progress {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  -moz-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: var(--progress-bar-height);
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-color);
  border: none;
}
progress::-moz-progress-bar {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-value-color);
}
progress::-webkit-progress-bar {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-color);
}
progress::-webkit-progress-value {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-value-color);
}
progress::-ms-fill {
  background-color: var(--progress-bar-value-color);
}

計(jì)算并顯示百分比

$(document).ready(function() {
  const win = $(window);
  const doc = $(document);
  const progressBar = $('progress');
  const progressLabel = $('.progress-label');
  const setValue = () => win.scrollTop();
  const setMax = () => doc.height() - win.height();
  const setPercent = () => Math.round(win.scrollTop() / (doc.height() - win.height()) * 100);
  progressLabel.text(setPercent() + '%');
  progressBar.attr({ value: setValue(), max: setMax() });
  doc.on('scroll', () => {
    progressLabel.text(setPercent() + '%');
    progressBar.attr({ value: setValue() });
  });
  win.on('resize', () => {
    progressLabel.text(setPercent() + '%');
    progressBar.attr({ value: setValue(), max: setMax() });
  })
});

8. 進(jìn)階：時(shí)間軸

時(shí)間軸相當(dāng)于上述列表錨點(diǎn)的升級(jí)版，可用于年鑒展示、記事本、tudo list 等應(yīng)用中。

<div id="wrapper">
  <div id="container">
    <h1>Timeline</h1>
    <ol class="timeline">
      <li>
        <h2>1997</h2>
        <ol>
          <li>
            <h3>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit</h3>
            <p>Nam non purus vel orci molestie consequat.</p>
          </li>
          <li>
            <h3>Etiam et velit in arcu consectetur aliquet et eu metus</h3>
            <p>Sed vitae diam rhoncus, imperdiet nunc quis, lacinia nulla.</p>
          </li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <!-- ... -->
      <li>
        <h2>Today</h2>
      </li>
    </ol>
  </div>
</div>

ol.timeline ol, ol.timeline, html, body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
*, *:before, *:after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
#wrapper {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 64em;
}
#container {
  float: left;
  padding: 1em;
  width: 100%;
}
h1, h2 {
  text-align: center;
}
ol.timeline， ol.timeline ol {
  list-style: none;
}
ol.timeline>li {
  padding-left: 2px;
  position: relative;
}
ol.timeline>li:before {
  background-color: #a2ed56;
  content: "";
  height: 100%;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  width: 2px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 40em) {
  ol.timeline>li:before {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
}
ol.timeline>li>h2 {
  background-color: #a2ed56;
  color: #1d1f20;
  margin: 0;
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  top: 0;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 40em) {
  ol.timeline>li>h2 {
    border-radius: 0.25em;
    margin: 0 auto;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    max-width: 200px;
  }
}
ol.timeline>li>ol {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
ol.timeline>li>ol>li {
  border-top: 2px solid #a2ed56;
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  padding: 0 0 0.5em 1em;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 40em) {
  ol.timeline>li>ol>li {
    flex-basis: 50%;
  }
  ol.timeline>li>ol>li:nth-child(odd) {
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 1em;
  }
  ol.timeline>li>ol>li:nth-child(even) {
    margin-top: 2em;
    padding-right: 0;
  }
}
ol.timeline>li>ol>li>h3:first-child {
  color: #a2ed56;
  margin-bottom: -0.75em;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2)>h2 {
  background-color: #83e4e2;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2)>ol>li {
  border-color: #83e4e2;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+2)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #83e4e2;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3)>h2 {
  background-color: #fd6470;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fd6470;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+3)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fd6470;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4)>h2 {
  background-color: #fca858;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fca858;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+4)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fca858;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5)>h2 {
  background-color: #fddc32;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fddc32;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+5)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fddc32;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6):before,
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6)>h2 {
  background-color: #fafafa;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6)>ol>li {
  border-color: #fafafa;
}
ol.timeline>li:nth-child(6n+6)>ol>li h3 {
  color: #fafafa;
}

9. 進(jìn)階：文字堆積效果

<p>A <b>scroll</b> (from the Old French <i>escroe</i> or <i>escroue</i>), also known as a <b>roll</b>, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing.</p>
<h2>Structure</h2>
<p>A scroll is usually divided up into pages, which are sometimes separate sheets of papyrus or parchment glued
  together at the edges, or may be marked divisions of a continuous roll of writing material. The scroll is usually
  unrolled so that one page is exposed at a time, for writing or reading, with the remaining pages rolled up to the
  left and right of the visible page. It is unrolled from side to side, and the text is written in lines from the top
  to the bottom of the page. Depending on the language, the letters may be written left to right, right to left, or
  alternating in direction (boustrophedon).</p>
<p>Some scrolls are simply rolled up pages; others may have wooden rollers on each end: Torah scrolls have rather
  elaborate rollers befitting their ceremonial function.</p>
<h2>History of scroll use</h2>
<p>Scrolls were the first form of editable record keeping texts, used in Eastern Mediterranean ancient Egyptian
  civilizations. Parchment scrolls were used by the Israelites among others before the codex or bound book with
  parchment pages was invented by the Romans, which became popular around the 1st century AD. Scrolls were more highly
  regarded than codices until well into Roman times, where they were usually written in single latitudinal column.</p>
<p>The ink used in writing scrolls had to adhere to a surface that was rolled and unrolled, so special inks were
  developed. Even so, ink would slowly flake off of scrolls.</p>
<h2>Rolls</h2>
<p>Rolls recording UK Acts of Parliament held in the Parliamentary Archives, Palace of Westminster, London</p>

html {
  margin: 0 auto;
  overflow: auto;
  position: relative;
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 32px;
  background: #FDFC47;
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(to right, #24FE41, #FDFC47);
  background: linear-gradient(to right, #24FE41, #FDFC47);
}
body {
  max-width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  overflow: auto;
  color: #2D2D2D;
  margin: 40px auto;
  background: #FFFFFF;
}
body::after, *::before, span {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0em;
  bottom: 0em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
p, h2, div {
  display: inline;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
h2::before {
  content: "§ ";
}
p::before {
  content: "¶ ";
}
h2 {
  color: rgba(255, 100, 100, 1);
}
b, i {
  color: rgba(255, 100, 100, 0.7);
}

[].forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll("p,li,h2,a"), function (el) {
  el.innerHTML = el.innerHTML
    .split(" ")
    .map(word => `<span>${word}</span>`)
    .join(" ");
});
// 自動(dòng)觸發(fā)滾動(dòng)
function autoscroll() {
  document.scrollingElement.scrollBy({ top: 10, behavior: "smooth" });
}
var INTRVL = setInterval(autoscroll, 100);
function stop() {
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}
document.documentElement.addEventListener("mousemove", stop);

10. 進(jìn)階：拼圖效果

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其他優(yōu)秀案例

日歷: https://codepen.io/dannievinther/details/pGdjPV
段落顯示 https://codepen.io/BurmesePotato/pen/qBbqpNB
滑動(dòng)卡片 https://codepen.io/Kseso/pen/JyEWoP
瀑布流 https://codepen.io/collinsworth/pen/aEJGvg
字幕式文章標(biāo)題 https://codepen.io/coderthegreat/details/abzrOpg
鼠標(biāo)滾輪控制元素 https://codepen.io/equinusocio/pen/GeBxJz
頁(yè)面布局 https://codepen.io/havardob/details/gOPNpmm
頁(yè)面布局 https://codepen.io/ncerminara/pen/VdLpzd

兼容性

如下圖所示，當(dāng)前并不是所有瀏覽器都支持 skicky 定位模式，不建議在大型應(yīng)用中廣泛使用，但是已經(jīng)有 Stickfill 類(lèi)似的 js墊片使得未實(shí)現(xiàn) sticky 定位的瀏覽器也得以支持，大家可嘗試使用墊片，兼容更多的項(xiàng)目和瀏覽器 😂。

polyfill

Stickfill： https://github.com/wilddeer/stickyfill

到此這篇關(guān)于position:sticky 粘性定位的幾種巧妙應(yīng)用詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)position:sticky 粘性定位內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章，希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

標(biāo)簽：湘西湖北銅陵試駕邀約焦作綏化無(wú)錫欽州

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