首先說明：代碼片段是從網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取，然后自己修改。我想好的東西應(yīng)該拿來分享。
實(shí)現(xiàn)原理：當(dāng)我們采集頁(yè)面的時(shí)候，如果被采集的網(wǎng)站需要登錄才能采集。不管是基于Cookie還是基于Session，我們都會(huì)首先發(fā)送一個(gè)Http請(qǐng)求頭，這個(gè)Http請(qǐng)求頭里面就包含了網(wǎng)站需要的Cookie信息。當(dāng)網(wǎng)站接收到發(fā)送過來的Http請(qǐng)求頭時(shí)，會(huì)從Http請(qǐng)求頭獲取相關(guān)的Cookie或者Session信息，然后由程序來處理，決定你是否有權(quán)限訪問當(dāng)前頁(yè)面。
好了，原理搞清楚了，就好辦了。我們所要做的僅僅是在采集的時(shí)候（或者說HttpWebRequest提交數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候），將Cookie信息放入Http請(qǐng)求頭里面就可以了。
在這里我提供2種方法。
第一種，直接將Cookie信息放入HttpWebRequest的CookieContainer里。看代碼：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//設(shè)置Cookie，存入Hashtable
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("username", "youraccount");
ht.Add("id", "yourid");
this.Collect(ht);
}
public void Collect(Hashtable ht)
{
string content = string.Empty;
string url = "http://www.ibest100.com/需要登錄后才能采集的頁(yè)面";
string host = "http://www.ibest100.com";
try
{
//獲取提交的字節(jié)
byte[] bs = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content);
//設(shè)置提交的相關(guān)參數(shù)
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
req.Method = "POST";
req.ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
req.ContentLength = bs.Length;
//將Cookie放入CookieContainer，然后再將CookieContainer添加到HttpWebRequest
CookieContainer cc = new CookieContainer();
cc.Add(new Uri(host), new Cookie("username", ht["username"].ToString()));
cc.Add(new Uri(host), new Cookie("id", ht["id"].ToString()));
req.CookieContainer = cc;
//提交請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)
Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream();
reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);
reqStream.Close();
//接收返回的頁(yè)面，必須的，不能省略
WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse();
System.IO.Stream respStream = wr.GetResponseStream();
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(respStream, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8"));
string t = reader.ReadToEnd();
System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(t);
wr.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("異常在getPostRespone:" + ex.Source + ":" + ex.Message);
}
}
第二種，每次打開采集程序時(shí)，需要先到被采集的網(wǎng)站模擬登錄一次，獲取CookieContainer，然后再采集。看代碼：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
string formatString = "username={0}password={1}";//***************
string postString = string.Format(formatString, "youradminaccount", "yourpassword");
//將提交的字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成字節(jié)數(shù)組
byte[] postData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postString);
//設(shè)置提交的相關(guān)參數(shù)
string URI = "http://www.ibest100.com/登錄頁(yè)面";//***************
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(URI) as HttpWebRequest;
request.Method = "POST";
request.KeepAlive = false;
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
request.ContentLength = postData.Length;
// 提交請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)
System.IO.Stream outputStream = request.GetRequestStream();
outputStream.Write(postData, 0, postData.Length);
outputStream.Close();
//接收返回的頁(yè)面，必須的，不能省略
HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
System.IO.Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));
string srcString = reader.ReadToEnd();
//打開您要訪問的頁(yè)面
URI = "http://www.ibest100.com/需要登錄后才能采集的頁(yè)面";//***************
request = WebRequest.Create(URI) as HttpWebRequest;
request.Method = "GET";
request.KeepAlive = false;
request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
// 接收返回的頁(yè)面
response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));
srcString = reader.ReadToEnd();
//輸出獲取的頁(yè)面或者處理
Response.Write(srcString);
}
catch (WebException we)
{
string msg = we.Message;
Response.Write(msg);
}
}
也許有人會(huì)問，如果對(duì)方登錄的時(shí)候要驗(yàn)證碼怎么辦？那你就用第一種方式吧，只不過需要你分析對(duì)方的Cookie。
應(yīng)用范圍：采集數(shù)據(jù)、論壇發(fā)帖、博客發(fā)文。
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