VNC是一個遠程桌面協議。按照本文的說明進行操作可以實現用VNC對Ubuntu 20.04進行遠程控制。一般的VNC安裝方式在主機沒有插顯示器的時候是無法使用的。下面的操作可以在主機有顯示器和沒有顯示器時都能夠正常工作。
首先安裝x11vnc
sudo apt-get install x11vnc -y
設置vnc密碼
sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pass
創建x11vnc自啟動服務
創建 /etc/systemd/system/x11vnc.service，并寫入以下內容
[Unit]
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -rfbport 5900 -shared
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
啟動x11vnc服務
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc
sudo service x11vnc start
此時如果遠程的主機上接了顯示器，那么就可以在局域網通過VNC進行訪問了。
為了能夠保證遠程主機無論是否有顯示器，我們都能通過VNC進行遠程訪問，我們還要做下面的修改
創建默認的xorg.conf文件
此時程序會生成 /root/xorg.conf.new文件
我的默認文件內容如下
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
FontPath "built-ins"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load "glx"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
### <percent>: "<f>%"
### [arg]: arg optional
#Option "Accel" # [<bool>]
#Option "AccelMethod" # <str>
#Option "Backlight" # <str>
#Option "CustomEDID" # <str>
#Option "DRI" # <str>
#Option "Present" # [<bool>]
#Option "ColorKey" # <i>
#Option "VideoKey" # <i>
#Option "Tiling" # [<bool>]
#Option "LinearFramebuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "HWRotation" # [<bool>]
#Option "VSync" # [<bool>]
#Option "PageFlip" # [<bool>]
#Option "SwapbuffersWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "TripleBuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "XvPreferOverlay" # [<bool>]
#Option "HotPlug" # [<bool>]
#Option "ReprobeOutputs" # [<bool>]
#Option "XvMC" # [<bool>]
#Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str>
#Option "VirtualHeads" # <i>
#Option "TearFree" # [<bool>]
#Option "PerCrtcPixmaps" # [<bool>]
#Option "FallbackDebug" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushBatches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushCaches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "BufferCache" # [<bool>]
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "intel"
BusID "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 4
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 8
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 15
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 16
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
EndSubSection
EndSection
將此文件復制至 /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/xorg.conf
這個文件保證在主機上插有顯示器的時候，系統界面能在顯示器上正常顯示。下面我們再給系統添加一個虛擬顯示器，當主機沒有顯示器的時候系統就使用這個虛擬顯示器。
安裝虛擬顯卡驅動
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-video-dummy
在這個文件的最后添加下面的內容
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor1"
HorizSync 1.0 - 2000.0
VertRefresh 1.0 - 200.0
# Add 16:9 modes, others are automatically detected.
Modeline "1280x720" 74.48 1280 1336 1472 1664 720 721 724 746
Modeline "1920x1080" 172.80 1920 2040 2248 2576 1080 1081 1084 1118
EndSection
Section "Device"
Identifier "Card1"
Driver "dummy"
VideoRam 256000
EndSection
Section "Screen"
DefaultDepth 24
Identifier "Screen1"
Device "Card1"
Monitor "Monitor1"
SubSection "Display"
Depth 24
Modes "1920x1080"
EndSubSection
EndSection
這樣我們就創建了一個使用虛擬顯卡的虛擬顯示器。為了讓虛擬的顯示器和真實顯示器都能工作，我們需要把最上面的ServerLayout 進行更改
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
Screen 1 "Screen1" 0 0
EndSection
現在重新啟動遠程電腦，就可以在沒有顯示器的情況下遠程了。
以上的方法還有一個問題。就是在用戶沒有登錄的其情況下是沒辦法遠程的。所以需要把用戶設置成自動登錄。
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