多條sql執(zhí)行時如果在中間的語句出現(xiàn)錯誤,后續(xù)會不會直接執(zhí)行,如何進行設(shè)定,以及其他數(shù)據(jù)庫諸如Mysql是如何對應(yīng)的,這篇文章將會進行簡單的整理和說明。
環(huán)境準備
使用Oracle的精簡版創(chuàng)建docker方式的demo環(huán)境,詳細可參看:
- https://www.jb51.net/article/153533.htm
多行語句的正常執(zhí)行
對上篇文章創(chuàng)建的兩個字段的學(xué)生信息表,正常添加三條數(shù)據(jù),詳細如下:
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
> desc student
> select * from student;
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
> commit;
> select * from student;
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
Commit complete.
SQL>
STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1001 liumiaocn
1002 liumiao
1003 michael
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
多行語句中間出錯時的缺省動作
問題:
三行insert語句,如果中間的一行出錯,缺省的狀況下第三行會不會被插入進去?
我們將第二條insert語句的主鍵故意設(shè)定重復(fù),然后進行確認第三條數(shù)據(jù)是否會進行插入即可。
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > >
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
2 rows deleted.
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1001 liumiaocn
1003 michael
SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
結(jié)果非常清晰地表明是會繼續(xù)執(zhí)行的,在oracle中通過什么來對其進行控制呢?
WHENEVER SQLERROR
答案很簡單,在oracle中通過WHENEVER SQLERROR來進行控制。
WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
添加此行設(shè)定,即會在失敗的時候立即推出,接下來我們進行確認:
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > >
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
2 rows deleted.
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
使用CONTINUE則和缺省方式下的行為一致,出錯仍然繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > >
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
1 row deleted.
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1001 liumiaocn
1003 michael
SQL>
Commit complete.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
Mysql中類似的機制
mysql中使用source是否提供相關(guān)的類似機制的問題中,最終引入了Oracle此項功能在mysql中引入的建議,詳細請參看:
- https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=73177
所以目前這只是一個sqlplus端的強化功能,并非標準,不同數(shù)據(jù)庫需要確認相應(yīng)的功能是否存在。
小結(jié)
Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR進行出錯控制是否繼續(xù),本文給出的例子非常簡單,詳細功能的使用可根據(jù)文中列出的Usage進行自行驗證和探索。
總結(jié)
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