oracle提供了sqlldr的工具,有時需要講數據導入到文本,oracle的spool可以輕松實現。
方便的實現oracle導出數據到txt、txt導入數據到oracle。
一、導出數據到txt
用all_objects表做測試
SQL> desc all_objects;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19)
CREATED NOT NULL DATE
LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)
STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)
GENERATED VARCHAR2(1)
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)
拿object_id,object_name做導出、導入測試。
一些設置滿足數據導出的樣式:
vi exp_table.sql
set line 1000 --設置行的長度
set pagesize 0 --輸出不換頁
set feedback off --默認的當一條sql發出的時候,oracle會給一個反饋,比如說創建表的時候,如果成功命令行會返回類似:Table created的反饋,off后不顯示反饋
set heading off --不顯示表頭信息
set trimspool on --如果trimspool設置為on,將移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on --去掉空字符
set echo off; --顯示start啟動的腳本中的每個sql命令,缺省為on
set colsep '|' --設置分隔符
set termout off --不在屏幕上顯示結果
spool db1.txt --記錄數據到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --導出數據語句
spool off --收集完畢
exit
一切就緒后導出數據:
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可選,去除每行開頭部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$
導出后檢查數據的記錄數是否正確
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988 --數據正確
二、從txt導入數據到oracle
sqlldr是通過一個control文件設定后,從文本導入數據
建立一張測試表
SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));
Table created.
建立一個control文件
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl
load data
infile 'db1.txt' --數據來源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr --數據導入到表tb_sqldr中,導入方式為追加,如果想覆蓋
fields terminated by "|" --4、字段終止于X'09',是一個制表符(tab)
(id,name) --定義對應的字段名稱,注意順序
導入數據分成四種模式,可以根據需求選擇:
APPEND // 原先的表有數據 就加在后面
INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有數據 sqlloader會停止 默認值
REPLACE // 原先的表有數據 原先的數據會全部刪除
TRUNCATE // 指定的內容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現存數據
執行導入操作
sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl
差不多5w的數據短短2s解決
執行導入后驗證數據
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988
導入成功
再執行一次導入操作,由于設置為追加:
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
99976
記錄翻倍
sqlldr還有很多參數供選擇,比如log、bad這些,查看幫助即可。
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
userid -- ORACLE username/password
control -- control file name
log -- log file name
bad -- bad file name
data -- data file name
discard -- discard file name
discardmax -- number of discards to allow (Default all)
skip -- number of logical records to skip (Default 0)
load -- number of logical records to load (Default all)
errors -- number of errors to allow (Default 50)
rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
(Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
direct -- use direct path (Default FALSE)
parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load (Default FALSE)
file -- file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize -- size of read buffer (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)
PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.
總結
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