緣起
由于項(xiàng)目需要，我們要在web端實(shí)現(xiàn)錄音功能。一開始，找到的方案有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是通過iframe，一個(gè)是html5的getUserMedia api。由于我們的錄音功能不需要兼容IE瀏覽器，所以毫不猶豫的選擇了html5提供的getUserMedia去實(shí)現(xiàn)?；舅悸肥菂⒖剂斯俜降腶pi文檔以及網(wǎng)上查找的一些方案做結(jié)合做出了適合項(xiàng)目需要的方案。但由于我們必須保證這個(gè)錄音功能能夠同時(shí)在pad端、pc端都可以打開，所以其中也踩了一些坑。以下為過程還原。
步驟1
由于新的api是通過navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia，且返回一個(gè)promise。
而舊的api是navigator.getUserMedia，于是做了一個(gè)兼容性。代碼如下：
// 老的瀏覽器可能根本沒有實(shí)現(xiàn) mediaDevices，所以我們可以先設(shè)置一個(gè)空的對(duì)象
if (navigator.mediaDevices === undefined) {
navigator.mediaDevices = {};
}
// 一些瀏覽器部分支持 mediaDevices。我們不能直接給對(duì)象設(shè)置 getUserMedia
// 因?yàn)檫@樣可能會(huì)覆蓋已有的屬性。這里我們只會(huì)在沒有g(shù)etUserMedia屬性的時(shí)候添加它。
if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia === undefined) {
let getUserMedia =
navigator.getUserMedia ||
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia ||
navigator.mozGetUserMedia ||
navigator.msGetUserMedia;
navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia = function(constraints) {
// 首先，如果有g(shù)etUserMedia的話，就獲得它
// 一些瀏覽器根本沒實(shí)現(xiàn)它 - 那么就返回一個(gè)error到promise的reject來保持一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的接口
if (!getUserMedia) {
return Promise.reject(new Error('getUserMedia is not implemented in this browser'));
}
// 否則，為老的navigator.getUserMedia方法包裹一個(gè)Promise
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
getUserMedia.call(navigator, constraints, resolve, reject);
});
};
步驟2
這是網(wǎng)上存在的一個(gè)方法，封裝了一個(gè)HZRecorder。基本上引用了這個(gè)方法。調(diào)用HZRecorder.get就可以調(diào)起錄音接口，這個(gè)方法傳入一個(gè)callback函數(shù)，new HZRecorder后執(zhí)行callback函數(shù)且傳入一個(gè)實(shí)體化后的HZRecorder對(duì)象。可以通過該對(duì)象的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)開始錄音、暫停、停止、播放等功能。
var HZRecorder = function (stream, config) {
config = config || {};
config.sampleBits = config.sampleBits || 8; //采樣數(shù)位 8, 16
config.sampleRate = config.sampleRate || (44100 / 6); //采樣率(1/6 44100)
//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)音頻環(huán)境對(duì)象
audioContext = window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext;
var context = new audioContext();
//將聲音輸入這個(gè)對(duì)像
var audioInput = context.createMediaStreamSource(stream);
//設(shè)置音量節(jié)點(diǎn)
var volume = context.createGain();
audioInput.connect(volume);
//創(chuàng)建緩存，用來緩存聲音
var bufferSize = 4096;
// 創(chuàng)建聲音的緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)，createScriptProcessor方法的
// 第二個(gè)和第三個(gè)參數(shù)指的是輸入和輸出都是雙聲道。
var recorder = context.createScriptProcessor(bufferSize, 2, 2);
var audioData = {
size: 0 //錄音文件長(zhǎng)度
, buffer: [] //錄音緩存
, inputSampleRate: context.sampleRate //輸入采樣率
, inputSampleBits: 16 //輸入采樣數(shù)位 8, 16
, outputSampleRate: config.sampleRate //輸出采樣率
, oututSampleBits: config.sampleBits //輸出采樣數(shù)位 8, 16
, input: function (data) {
this.buffer.push(new Float32Array(data));
this.size += data.length;
}
, compress: function () { //合并壓縮
//合并
var data = new Float32Array(this.size);
var offset = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < this.buffer.length; i++) {
data.set(this.buffer[i], offset);
offset += this.buffer[i].length;
}
//壓縮
var compression = parseInt(this.inputSampleRate / this.outputSampleRate);
var length = data.length / compression;
var result = new Float32Array(length);
var index = 0, j = 0;
while (index < length) {
result[index] = data[j];
j += compression;
index++;
}
return result;
}
, encodeWAV: function () {
var sampleRate = Math.min(this.inputSampleRate, this.outputSampleRate);
var sampleBits = Math.min(this.inputSampleBits, this.oututSampleBits);
var bytes = this.compress();
var dataLength = bytes.length * (sampleBits / 8);
var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(44 + dataLength);
var data = new DataView(buffer);
var channelCount = 1;//單聲道
var offset = 0;
var writeString = function (str) {
for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
data.setUint8(offset + i, str.charCodeAt(i));
}
};
// 資源交換文件標(biāo)識(shí)符
writeString('RIFF'); offset += 4;
// 下個(gè)地址開始到文件尾總字節(jié)數(shù),即文件大小-8
data.setUint32(offset, 36 + dataLength, true); offset += 4;
// WAV文件標(biāo)志
writeString('WAVE'); offset += 4;
// 波形格式標(biāo)志
writeString('fmt '); offset += 4;
// 過濾字節(jié),一般為 0x10 = 16
data.setUint32(offset, 16, true); offset += 4;
// 格式類別 (PCM形式采樣數(shù)據(jù))
data.setUint16(offset, 1, true); offset += 2;
// 通道數(shù)
data.setUint16(offset, channelCount, true); offset += 2;
// 采樣率,每秒樣本數(shù),表示每個(gè)通道的播放速度
data.setUint32(offset, sampleRate, true); offset += 4;
// 波形數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率 (每秒平均字節(jié)數(shù)) 單聲道×每秒數(shù)據(jù)位數(shù)×每樣本數(shù)據(jù)位/8
data.setUint32(offset, channelCount * sampleRate * (sampleBits / 8), true); offset += 4;
// 快數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)整數(shù) 采樣一次占用字節(jié)數(shù) 單聲道×每樣本的數(shù)據(jù)位數(shù)/8
data.setUint16(offset, channelCount * (sampleBits / 8), true); offset += 2;
// 每樣本數(shù)據(jù)位數(shù)
data.setUint16(offset, sampleBits, true); offset += 2;
// 數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)識(shí)符
writeString('data'); offset += 4;
// 采樣數(shù)據(jù)總數(shù),即數(shù)據(jù)總大小-44
data.setUint32(offset, dataLength, true); offset += 4;
// 寫入采樣數(shù)據(jù)
if (sampleBits === 8) {
for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++, offset++) {
var s = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, bytes[i]));
var val = s < 0 ? s * 0x8000 : s * 0x7FFF;
val = parseInt(255 / (65535 / (val + 32768)));
data.setInt8(offset, val, true);
}
} else {
for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++, offset += 2) {
var s = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, bytes[i]));
data.setInt16(offset, s < 0 ? s * 0x8000 : s * 0x7FFF, true);
}
}
return new Blob([data], { type: 'audio/wav' });
}
};
//開始錄音
this.start = function () {
audioInput.connect(recorder);
recorder.connect(context.destination);
};
//停止
this.stop = function () {
recorder.disconnect();
};
// 結(jié)束
this.end = function() {
context.close();
};
// 繼續(xù)
this.again = function() {
recorder.connect(context.destination);
};
//獲取音頻文件
this.getBlob = function () {
this.stop();
return audioData.encodeWAV();
};
//回放
this.play = function (audio) {
audio.src = window.URL.createObjectURL(this.getBlob());
};
//上傳
this.upload = function (url, callback) {
var fd = new FormData();
fd.append('audioData', this.getBlob());
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
if (callback) {
xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function (e) {
callback('uploading', e);
}, false);
xhr.addEventListener('load', function (e) {
callback('ok', e);
}, false);
xhr.addEventListener('error', function (e) {
callback('error', e);
}, false);
xhr.addEventListener('abort', function (e) {
callback('cancel', e);
}, false);
}
xhr.open('POST', url);
xhr.send(fd);
};
//音頻采集
recorder.onaudioprocess = function (e) {
audioData.input(e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(0));
//record(e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(0));
};
};
//拋出異常
HZRecorder.throwError = function (message) {
throw new function () { this.toString = function () { return message; };};
};
//是否支持錄音
HZRecorder.canRecording = (navigator.getUserMedia != null);
//獲取錄音機(jī)
HZRecorder.get = function (callback, config) {
if (callback) {
navigator.mediaDevices
.getUserMedia({ audio: true })
.then(function(stream) {
let rec = new HZRecorder(stream, config);
callback(rec);
})
.catch(function(error) {
HZRecorder.throwError('無法錄音，請(qǐng)檢查設(shè)備狀態(tài)');
});
}
};
window.HZRecorder = HZRecorder;
以上，已經(jīng)可以滿足大部分的需求。但是我們要兼容pad端。我們的pad有幾個(gè)問題必須解決。
- 錄音格式必須是mp3才能播放
- window.URL.createObjectURL傳入blob數(shù)據(jù)在pad端報(bào)錯(cuò)，轉(zhuǎn)不了
以下為解決這兩個(gè)問題的方案。
步驟3
以下為我實(shí)現(xiàn) 錄音格式為mp3 和 window.URL.createObjectURL傳入blob數(shù)據(jù)在pad端報(bào)錯(cuò) 的方案。
1、修改HZRecorder里的audioData對(duì)象代碼。并引入網(wǎng)上一位大神的一個(gè)js文件lamejs.js
const lame = new lamejs();
let audioData = {
samplesMono: null,
maxSamples: 1152,
mp3Encoder: new lame.Mp3Encoder(1, context.sampleRate || 44100, config.bitRate || 128),
dataBuffer: [],
size: 0, // 錄音文件長(zhǎng)度
buffer: [], // 錄音緩存
inputSampleRate: context.sampleRate, // 輸入采樣率
inputSampleBits: 16, // 輸入采樣數(shù)位 8, 16
outputSampleRate: config.sampleRate, // 輸出采樣率
oututSampleBits: config.sampleBits, // 輸出采樣數(shù)位 8, 16
convertBuffer: function(arrayBuffer) {
let data = new Float32Array(arrayBuffer);
let out = new Int16Array(arrayBuffer.length);
this.floatTo16BitPCM(data, out);
return out;
},
floatTo16BitPCM: function(input, output) {
for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
let s = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, input[i]));
output[i] = s < 0 ? s * 0x8000 : s * 0x7fff;
}
},
appendToBuffer: function(mp3Buf) {
this.dataBuffer.push(new Int8Array(mp3Buf));
},
encode: function(arrayBuffer) {
this.samplesMono = this.convertBuffer(arrayBuffer);
let remaining = this.samplesMono.length;
for (let i = 0; remaining >= 0; i += this.maxSamples) {
let left = this.samplesMono.subarray(i, i + this.maxSamples);
let mp3buf = this.mp3Encoder.encodeBuffer(left);
this.appendToBuffer(mp3buf);
remaining -= this.maxSamples;
}
},
finish: function() {
this.appendToBuffer(this.mp3Encoder.flush());
return new Blob(this.dataBuffer, { type: 'audio/mp3' });
},
input: function(data) {
this.buffer.push(new Float32Array(data));
this.size += data.length;
},
compress: function() {
// 合并壓縮
// 合并
let data = new Float32Array(this.size);
let offset = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < this.buffer.length; i++) {
data.set(this.buffer[i], offset);
offset += this.buffer[i].length;
}
// 壓縮
let compression = parseInt(this.inputSampleRate / this.outputSampleRate, 10);
let length = data.length / compression;
let result = new Float32Array(length);
let index = 0;
let j = 0;
while (index < length) {
result[index] = data[j];
j += compression;
index++;
}
return result;
},
encodeWAV: function() {
let sampleRate = Math.min(this.inputSampleRate, this.outputSampleRate);
let sampleBits = Math.min(this.inputSampleBits, this.oututSampleBits);
let bytes = this.compress();
let dataLength = bytes.length * (sampleBits / 8);
let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(44 + dataLength);
let data = new DataView(buffer);
let channelCount = 1; // 單聲道
let offset = 0;
let writeString = function(str) {
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
data.setUint8(offset + i, str.charCodeAt(i));
}
};
// 資源交換文件標(biāo)識(shí)符
writeString('RIFF');
offset += 4;
// 下個(gè)地址開始到文件尾總字節(jié)數(shù),即文件大小-8
data.setUint32(offset, 36 + dataLength, true);
offset += 4;
// WAV文件標(biāo)志
writeString('WAVE');
offset += 4;
// 波形格式標(biāo)志
writeString('fmt ');
offset += 4;
// 過濾字節(jié),一般為 0x10 = 16
data.setUint32(offset, 16, true);
offset += 4;
// 格式類別 (PCM形式采樣數(shù)據(jù))
data.setUint16(offset, 1, true);
offset += 2;
// 通道數(shù)
data.setUint16(offset, channelCount, true);
offset += 2;
// 采樣率,每秒樣本數(shù),表示每個(gè)通道的播放速度
data.setUint32(offset, sampleRate, true);
offset += 4;
// 波形數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率 (每秒平均字節(jié)數(shù)) 單聲道×每秒數(shù)據(jù)位數(shù)×每樣本數(shù)據(jù)位/8
data.setUint32(offset, channelCount * sampleRate * (sampleBits / 8), true);
offset += 4;
// 快數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)整數(shù) 采樣一次占用字節(jié)數(shù) 單聲道×每樣本的數(shù)據(jù)位數(shù)/8
data.setUint16(offset, channelCount * (sampleBits / 8), true);
offset += 2;
// 每樣本數(shù)據(jù)位數(shù)
data.setUint16(offset, sampleBits, true);
offset += 2;
// 數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)識(shí)符
writeString('data');
offset += 4;
// 采樣數(shù)據(jù)總數(shù),即數(shù)據(jù)總大小-44
data.setUint32(offset, dataLength, true);
offset += 4;
// 寫入采樣數(shù)據(jù)
if (sampleBits === 8) {
for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++, offset++) {
const s = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, bytes[i]));
let val = s < 0 ? s * 0x8000 : s * 0x7fff;
val = parseInt(255 / (65535 / (val + 32768)), 10);
data.setInt8(offset, val, true);
}
} else {
for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++, offset += 2) {
const s = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, bytes[i]));
data.setInt16(offset, s < 0 ? s * 0x8000 : s * 0x7fff, true);
}
}
return new Blob([data], { type: 'audio/wav' });
}
};
2、修改HZRecord的音頻采集的調(diào)用方法。
// 音頻采集
recorder.onaudioprocess = function(e) {
audioData.encode(e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(0));
};
3、HZRecord的getBlob方法。
this.getBlob = function() {
this.stop();
return audioData.finish();
};
4、HZRecord的play方法。把blob轉(zhuǎn)base64url。
this.play = function(func) {
readBlobAsDataURL(this.getBlob(), func);
};
function readBlobAsDataURL(data, callback) {
let fileReader = new FileReader();
fileReader.onload = function(e) {
callback(e.target.result);
};
fileReader.readAsDataURL(data);
}
至此，已經(jīng)解決以上兩個(gè)問題。
步驟4
這里主要介紹怎么做錄音時(shí)的動(dòng)效。我們的一個(gè)動(dòng)效需求為：
根據(jù)傳入的音量大小，做一個(gè)圓弧動(dòng)態(tài)擴(kuò)展。
// 創(chuàng)建analyser節(jié)點(diǎn)，獲取音頻時(shí)間和頻率數(shù)據(jù)
const analyser = context.createAnalyser();
audioInput.connect(analyser);
const inputAnalyser = new Uint8Array(1);
const wrapEle = $this.refs['wrap'];
let ctx = wrapEle.getContext('2d');
const width = wrapEle.width;
const height = wrapEle.height;
const center = {
x: width / 2,
y: height / 2
};
function drawArc(ctx, color, x, y, radius, beginAngle, endAngle) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = color;
ctx.arc(x, y, radius, (Math.PI * beginAngle) / 180, (Math.PI * endAngle) / 180);
ctx.stroke();
}
(function drawSpectrum() {
analyser.getByteFrequencyData(inputAnalyser); // 獲取頻域數(shù)據(jù)
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
// 畫線條
for (let i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
let value = inputAnalyser[i] / 3; // <===獲取數(shù)據(jù)
let colors = [];
if (value <= 16) {
colors = ['#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#e4e4e4', '#e4e4e4', '#e4e4e4', '#e4e4e4'];
} else if (value <= 32) {
colors = ['#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#e4e4e4', '#e4e4e4'];
} else {
colors = ['#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#f5A631', '#f5A631'];
}
drawArc(ctx, colors[0], center.x, center.y, 52 + 16, -30, 30);
drawArc(ctx, colors[1], center.x, center.y, 52 + 16, 150, 210);
drawArc(ctx, colors[2], center.x, center.y, 52 + 32, -22.5, 22.5);
drawArc(ctx, colors[3], center.x, center.y, 52 + 32, 157.5, 202.5);
drawArc(ctx, colors[4], center.x, center.y, 52 + 48, -13, 13);
drawArc(ctx, colors[5], center.x, center.y, 52 + 48, 167, 193);
}
// 請(qǐng)求下一幀
requestAnimationFrame(drawSpectrum);
})();
緣盡
至此，一個(gè)完整的html5錄音功能方案已經(jīng)完成。有什么需要補(bǔ)充，不合理的地方的歡迎留言。
ps：lamejs可參考這個(gè)github
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
